Literature synopsis project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Literature synopsis project - Essay Example The book is for those people struggling with nicotine addiction. The author used inspiring stories and messages from real women who have struggled with nicotine addiction. These includes intrauterine growth retardation and adverse health effects, during pregnancy (Allen, 2002). Moreover, it affects the foetal growth and childbirth weight leading to abnormal bleeding as well as premature birth. The author argues the factors leading to nicotine addiction are unemployment, low level of education, increased stress and poverty. This is very effective because it eliminate psychological factors that result to cigarette addiction. There are several cases that women smokers continue smoking during pregnancy. Maternal smoking pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes, for example, 150-200g decrement in in childbirth weight and high neonatal mortality rate. In addition, infants have a higher risk of infant death syndrome, language problem, behavioral problem and antisocial problems. In other words, maternal smoking pregnancy reduces the development of central nervous system in such a way that it may predispose the infant to various neurobehavioral problems. Nomura, Gilman and Buka (2011) found that the children of women who smoked more than twenty cigarettes in a day were at a greater risk of alcohol disorder and neurobehavioral problems. Thus, there should be intervention on mother to reduce smoking during pregnancy. Yoko Nomura, Stephen Gilman and Stephen Buka (2013). Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Alcohol Use Disorders Among Adult Offspring, Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(2): 199–209 Cigarette smoking is harmful to both mother and unborn child because its carcinogenic effect on various organs. Smoking during pregnancy accelerates the risk associated with intrauterine growth retardation and adverse health effects (Chung et al., 2001). In addition, it affects the foetal

Regional Integration for and Against Articles Article

Regional Integration for and Against Articles - Article Example Regional integration is a powerful concept that enhances coordination and formulation of coherent operating policies in diverse facets of operation. It is set with an aim of advancing economic performance and achievement of exemplary benefits by the member states. Evidently, most of the countries are organizing themselves into various economic blocks, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), for example, in order to boost productivity and social coherence. The nations recognize that sound economic integration is a central pillar in ensuring absolute achievement of the aspired performance levels. Nations that seek to operate effective commercial activities with clear-cut goals should organize themselves into vibrant trading blocks. Hill (2005), a renowned writer and economist, gives insightful information that focus on the imperativeness of economic integration between nations as a performance measure. He asserted that nations with strong performance aspirations and expansion ideals should embrace conventional methods of engagement and execution of business operations. This is to facilitate the formulation of strong economic policies, trading guidelines, political agreements and creation of common markets. The elements are critical in advancing exemplary performance, since the development of coherent trading policies open up exchange of products with limited bottlenecks. As stated, building a vibrant economy with adequate job opportunities for the citizens, good infrastructure and ideal GDP performance cannot be achieved in isolation due to the present dynamic complications.