Water Scarcity

Abstract Well, human is facing a serious challenge of water resource which will be delectated. Therefore I collect some reference from Internet. My thesis is that I will use increase water supply as my original solution which transfers the salt sea water into fresh water. (Water solution methods in appendices)The purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in my country. Besides, I will talk about three issues the uneven distribution, water pollution and hard water in China, then I am supposed to provide one method which is desalination to dress the scarcity.My method can transport the 97% sea water to the fresh water in order to solve the water scarcity. Introduction Now people have witnessed the rapid development of the world through using a lot of nature resources like oil, coal and water. The environment problem becomes more serious, for example the 20 lakes in China dry up each year. Over the past 50 years country has lost more than 1000 natural water reservoirs. This is a lmost 10000 km2of the water surface. The main reason of this is the active development of industry.China overuses fresh water. Industrial waste water entering the lakes contains chemical compounds came from metallurgy, textile, pharmaceutical, food, pulp and paper industries. (G. T. Frumin, 2011)For the whole world, if people don’t have water, human cannot survive anymore. Absolutely, water is dominative in biosphere as a whole, like the water circulation, climate, agriculture and so forth. Every animal in the earth cannot alive without water; also water is an excellent solvent which can transport the nutrient and waste products.Actually, the water is transparent to visible and ultraviolet light. This means that (pure) water is colorless and allows light to penetrate, thus allowing photosynthesis to take place at considerable depths. That are why water is so important in biosphere. Let’s see the history of the water scarcity. If we trace the origin of the point, I thin k we can say the First Industry Revolution. After Britain open the world and do into a fast-paced development. Myriad resources have been used to invent the technologies, involving water.After that, many countries waste plenty of water in order to become stronger. Some now many countries are depleted the water. Hence, my purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in China. The thesis statement is that I will use method that increase water supply as my original method which transfer the salty water into fresh water. Methodology My topic is that discusses the issues and serves a practical method for the problem. In order to make the information convincing, I have found several websites information to embody the topic.I will search for issues, the uneven water distribution, water pollution, and hard water, and find some current action solving the problems. Then, I will suggest some laws and suggests for the water scarcity. Besides, I will use folder and charts to clear my inform ation. The research can me understand the problems and solution. It is because various and accurate information might indicate a significant number of factors about issues meanwhile tremendous detail also might confirm it. Finding Table 1. 0 water issues affecting China today |description |Current plan | |Issue 1 |Water is uneven distribute |transfer the water from south to the north | |Issue 2 |Water pollution |Harness and formulate more laws( organization) | |Issue 3 |Some water can not drink ( salty , hard) | Chemical reaction |As you can see from the table, although China is a big country, it still meets 3 main fresh water issues. Firstly, the amount of fresh water for everyone is very small. Although the China accounted for approximate 6% amount fresh water resource in the world, the average of each Chinese people is lower than the average of world (around 20%). It is because there is a substantial proportion of land in China (thirst in world) meanwhile there is a sizable perce ntage of population in china (about13 billion). China supports 20 percent of the world population with only 7 percent of its water.China has roughly the same amount of water as the United States but five times the population. The shortages are particularly acute in northern China where half the population lives with only 15 percent of China’s water. (Jeffrey Hays 2013) As a consequence, the fresh water resource might distribute unbalanced in difference areas in China. For example, in Beijing, Hangzhou, the big south cities in China, people have lot water, so they always waste the water and don’t build the awareness of saving water. But in some dry places, like Shanxi, the rural people even have no water to drink. It is unfair for people in those areas. Uneven distribution water graph in the appendices) Secondly, water pollution and water stress is reached a primary issue in a massive amount of city in China. Water shortages and water pollution in China are such a probl em that the World Bank warns of â€Å"catastrophic consequences for future generations. † To be more exact that there were total of 600 cities was investigated and around 400 cities witnessed huge water pollution or water stress. Half of China’s population lacks safe drinking water. Nearly two thirds of China’s rural population—more than 500 million people—use water contaminated by human and industrial waste. Jeffrey Hays 2012) Ultimately, another water issue is that there is a considerable quantity of water which cannot be used efficiently by numerous citizen and manufacture. For example, the water is too hard to drink. In my hometown, Zhengzhou, the water is hard, if the water is boiling, there always lefts a lot of water logging which means the water contains many Ca and Mg. In America, since 1972, they have published the law about the water scarcity and safety. But China doesn’t have the completely law to limit the water scarcity. There have three methods to solve all the problems.According to uneven water distribution, China has run a method that transports the water from rich south area to the poor north area. Thus, people who live in north can have more water. Second, here are many solutions are suggested in China. A famous project named South-to-North Water Diversion Project (NSBD. 2008,) is established in 2000s in China which is used to relive the water stress of northern areas like Shanxi; meanwhile a significant number of money is invested to clean the water which had contaminated and project the recent fresh water.Third, the water in many cities cannot eat because it is hard and salty. So, China now uses some chemical to moderate the hard water and spill some wells to help people drink more fresh water. Discussion I prefer to increase water supply as my original solution . People now have invented many ways to address the scarcity of water problems. I have discussed three in my finding. According to the fir st issue which is the uneven water distribution, I think the desalination method is the most useful way, and I believe it can solve the problem of the shortage of the water.Water desalination is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater), also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals, the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. Most desalination processes are based either on thermal distillation or membrane separation technologies. (SWP2011) Seawater desalination is an increasingly important solution to the rising water scarcity afflicting many of the world's regions. In the world, the proportion of sea water is 97. 47%, the fresh water is only 2. 3%. So if human can transfer this huge amount sea water to fresh water, human will have more fresh water to drink, and survive. Many countries like mid eat and more than 125 countries have attempted these way, because it is economical and eff icient. More than 70 % people live near the sea in 120 miles. Besides, the water in the earth is 78%. Thus, it is a really large number for the water scarcity. Human can use less money and get more water in the future. The countries have experimented many times and this method has become more perfect. Conclusion and RecommendationIn the statement of findings, I created a new solution of using fresh water effectively, I believe it will be enacted by government, because this solution needs a few investments, but it might a huge advantage of making more fresh water in the future. Through using desalination methods, people can transfer the 97% sea water into fresh water for people. As I said, it is a huge potential area for water scarcity. If these can completely use in China, people in the dry areas will have water to drink and survive. Reference G. T. Frumin (2011) Fresh water lakes in China. [Online]. Available at: http://wenku. baidu. om/view/9d4aa2be65ce050876321339. html [Accessed 9 March 2013] Jeffrey Hays (2013) FACTS AND DETAILS [Online]. Available at: http://factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=317 [Accessed 9 March 2013] Jeffrey Hay (2012) FACTS AND DETAILS [Online] Available at: http://factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=391 [Accessed 9 March 2013] NSBD (2008) China daily [Online] Available at: http://usa. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-12/05/content_15989621. htm [Accessed 9 March 2013] SWP (2011) International decade for action ‘water for life’ 2005-2015 [Online]. Available at: http://www. un. org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity. html [Accessed 9 March 2013] Appendices Chart 2. 0 Water supply in the world [pic] Table 2. 0 Water solution | |Water supply |Water demand | |Increase water supply |increase |same | |Decrease water supply |same |decrease | |both |increase |decrease | Water Scarcity Global Water Scarcity – Problems And Solutions Posted: 23. 12. 2009 author: Tater, Prof. Dr. Sohan Raj Importance of Water Water is a source of life of every living organism. Without water living beings cannot survive their lives. There is 60% water in human gross body. It is a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihood. Water is the blue gold, and that future wars will be fought for water. So, not a single drop of water received from rain should be allowed to escape into the sea without being utilized for human benefit. The vast majority of the Earth’s water resources are salty water, with only 2. % being fresh water. Approximately 70% of fresh water available on planet is in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland leaving the remaining 0. 7% of total water resources worldwide available for consumption. However from this 0. 7%, roughly 87% is allocated to agricultural purposes. These statistics are particularly illustrative of the drastic p roblem of water scarcity facing humanity. Water scarcity is defined as per capital supplies less than 1700 M3/year. The comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture revealed that one in three people are already facing water shortage (2007).Around 1. 2 billion people, or almost one-fifth of the world’s population, live in areas of physical scarcity, while another 1. 6 billion people, or almost one quarter of the world’s population, face economic water shortage (where countries lack the necessary infrastructure to take water from rivers and aquifers); nearly all of which are in the developing countries. Agriculture is a significant cause of water scarcity in much of the world since crop production requires upto 70 times more water than is used in drinking and other domestic purposes.The report says that a rule of thumb is that each calorie consumed as food requires about one litre of water to produce. The amount of water in the world is finite. The number of us is growing fast and our water use is growing even faster. A third of world’s population lives in water stressed countries now. By 2025, this is expected to rise to two-third. The UN recommends that people need a minimum of 50 litres of water a day for drinking, washing, cooking and sanitation. In 1990, over a billion people did not have even that. Causes of Global water CrisisThere are four main factors aggravating water scarcity: * Population Growth: In the last century, world population has tripled. It is expected to rise from the present 6. 5 billions to 8. 9 billions by 2050. Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century, and although there is no global water scarcity as such, an increasing number of regions are chronically short of water. * Increased urbanization will focus on the demand for water among an over more concentrated population. Asian citizen alone are expected to grow by 1 billion people in the next 2 0 years. High level of consumption: As the world becomes more developed, the amount of domestic water that each person used is expected to rise significantly. * Climate change will shrink the resources of fresh water   (a) Pollution and disease Global water consumption rose six fold between 1900 and 1995 more than double the rate of population growth – and goes on growing as farming, industry and domestic demand all increase. As important as quantity is quality – with pollution increasing in some areas, the amount of useable water declines.More than five millions people die from water-borne diseases each year, 10 times the number killed in wars around the globe. Seventy percent of water used world wide is used for agriculture, much more will be needed if we are to feed world’s growing population – predicted to rise from about six billion to 8. 9 billion by 2050. Consumption will star further as more people expect western – style lifestyle and die ts – one kilograms of grain fed beef needs at least 15 cubic meters of water, while a kilo of cereals needs only upto three cubic meters. b) Poverty and Water The poor are the ones who suffer most. Water shortage can mean long walks to fetch water, high price to buy it, food insecurity and disease from drinking dirty water. But the very thing needed to raise funds to tackle water problems in poor countries, economic development – requires yet more water to supply the agriculture and industries which drive it. The UN-backed World commission on water estimated in 2000 that an additional $100 billion a year would be needed to tackle water scarcity would wide.Even if the money can be found, spending it wisely is a further challenge. Dams and other large – scale projects now affect 60% of the world’s largest rivers and provide millions with water. As ground water is exploited, water tables in part of China, India, West Asia, the former Soviet Union and the Wes tern United States are dropping – in India by as much as 3 meters a year in 1999. (c) Melting of Glaciers Global warming is melting glaciers in every region of the world, putting millions of people at risk from floods, draughts and lack of drinking water.Glaciers are ancient rivers of compressed snow that creep through the landscape, shaping the planet’s surface. They are the Earth’s largest fresh water reservoir, collectively covering an area the size of South Antarctica. Glaciers have been retreating worldwide since the end of the little Ice Age (around 1850), but in recent decades glaciers have began melting at rates that cannot be explained by historical trends. One in three people is enduring one form or other of water scarcity, according to a new report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI).The report says that about one- quarter of the world’s population lives in areas where water is physically scare, while about one – six th of humanity over a billion people – live where water is economically scares, or places where â€Å"Water is available in rivers and aquifers, but the infrastructure is lacking to make thick water available to people. † In a world of unprecented wealth, almost two million children die-each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation.Millions of women and young girls are forced to spend hours collecting and carrying water, restricting their opportunities and their choices. Water – bone infectious diseases are growing in same of the world’s poorest countries. Human development reports 2006 investigates the underlying causes and consequences of a crisis that leaves 1. 2 billion people without access to safe water and 2. 6 billion without access to sanitation. In 2006 the International Management Institute, reported that water scarcity affected a full third of world population.In 2007 the Intergovernmental panel on climate change predict ed that due to climate change, the number of people facing water scarcity would grow. Other, too, say that there is a global water crisis, the availability of water is dwindling, the world is running out of the water. Solution of water scarcity (a) Water and Climate change Water scarcity is expected to become an even more important problem than it is today. There are several reasons for this: * First the distribution of precipitation in space and time is very uneven, leading to tremendous temporal variability in water resources worldwide (Oki et al. 003). For example, the Atacama Desert in Chile receives imperceptible annual quantities of rainfall where as Mawsynram, Assam, India receives over 450 inches annually. If the fresh water on the planet were divided equally among the global population, there would be 5000 to 6000 M3 of water available for everyone, every year. * Second the rate of evaporation varies a great deal, depending on temperature and relative humidity, which impact the amount of water available to replenish ground water supplies.The combination of shorter duration but more intense rainfall (meaning more run off and less infiltration) combined with increased evapotranspiration (the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration form the earth’s land surface to atmosphere) and increased irrigation is expected to lead to ground water depletion. According to world bank, as many as two billion people lack adequate sanitation facilities to protect them from water – borne disease, while a billion lack access to clean water altogether.According to United States, which has declared 2005-15 the â€Å"Water for life† decade, 95 percent of the world cities still dump water sewage into their water supplies. Thus it should come as no surprise to know that 80 percent of all the health maladies in developing countries can be traced back to unsanitary water. Developed countries are not immune to fresh water problem either. Researcher found a six-fold increase in water use for only a two-fold increase in population size in the United States since 1900.Such a trend reflects the connection between higher living standards and increased water usage and underscores the need for more sustainable management and use of water supplies even in more developed societies. (b) Technical Solution New technology can help, however, especially by cleaning up pollution and so making more water useable, and in agriculture, where water use can be made for more efficient, drought – resistant plants can also help. Drip irrigation drastically cuts the amount of water needed, low-pressure sprinklers are an improvement, and even building simple earth walls to trap rainfall is helpful.Some countries are now treating wastewater so that it can be used – and drunk – several times over. Desalination makes seawater, but takes huge quantities of energy and leaves vast amount of brine. (c) Climate Change In any case, it is not just u s who need water, but every other species that shares the planet with us – as well as the ecosystems on which we, and they, rely. Climate change will also have an impact, some areas will probably benefit from increase rainfall, but other are likely to be loser. We have to rethink how much water we really need if we are to learn how to share the Earth’s supply.While dams and other large-scale schemes play a big role worldwide, there is also a growing recognition of the value of using the water already have more efficiently rather than harvesting ever more from our rivers and aquifers. For millions of people around the world, getting it right is a matter of life and death. (d) The hydrological Cycle The hydrological cycle begins with evaporation from the surface of ocean or land, continues as air carries the water vapour to locations where it forms clouds and eventually precipitates out.It then continues when the precipitation is either absorbed into the ground or runs o ff to the ocean, ready to begin the cycle over again in an endless loop. The amount of time needed for ground water to recharge can vary with the amount of intensity of precipitation. With world population expected to pass nine billion by mid-century, solutions to water scarcity problems are not going to come easy. Some have suggested that technology – such as large-scale salt water desalination plants – could generate more water for the world use.But environmentalists argue that depleting ocean water is no answer and will only create other big problems. In any case, research and development into improving desalination technologies is ongoing, especially in Saudi Arabia, Israel and Japan. Already an estimated 11,000 desalination plants exist in some 120 countries around the world. Water Management When we think about water scarcity, then, we should not be focusing on an absolute shortfall between the total needs of the earth’s population and the available supply , but on where the useable water is and what it costs to bring enough clean water to where people are.Applying market principles to water would facilitate a more efficient distribution of supply everywhere. Analysts at Harvard Middle East Water Project, for example, advocate assigning a monetary value to fresh water, rather than considering it a free natural commodity. They say such a approach could help mitigate the political and security tensions caused by water scarcity. Falling prices in membrane filtering technology (reverse osmosis) and advances in ultraviolet and ozone disinfections have led to a wide array of off – the shelf water technologies.Large companies such as GE, Siemens and Dow developed these technologies for consumer markets in industrial countries, spurred by the exploding market in bottled water, but they offer interesting spin-offs in developing countries. As individuals, we can also reign in our own water use to help conserve what is becoming an ever mo re precious resource. We can hold off on watering our lawns in times of drought. And when it does rain, we can gather gutter water in barrels to feed garden hoses and sprinklers. We can turn off the tapes while we brush our teeth or shave, and take shorter showers.In other world, â€Å"Doing more with less is the first and easiest step along the path toward water scarcity. † As a reliable and affordable technology, desalination has come of age in the last two decades. For Iceland cities such as Singapore, or for a new five star hotel on a Pacific atoll, a desalination plant is now standard technology. The cost of desalination has come down rapidly and now ranges from $ 0. 5 – 1. 00 per cubic meter, depending upon price of energy. This is a reasonable price for drinking water in a developed urban area or hotel where the impact on room prices will be only a few dollars per day.For agricultural purposes, however the value of water ranges from several cents per cubic meter to grow crop such as corn, wheat, rice or sugar cane, to half a dollar for intensive flower or vegetable production. Desalination is clearly not an economical option. Desalination is similarly impractical for poor people who live on less than $ 1 or $ 2 per day. Conclusion Water is a source of life of every living organism. Without water living beings cannot survive their lives. There is 60% water in human gross body. It is a natural source that sustains our environments and supports livelihood.Water is the blue gold, and that future wars will be fought for water. So, not a single drop of water received from rain should be allowed to escape into the sea without being utilized for human benefit. Present global water scarcity is defined as per capita supplies less than 1700 M3/year. Around 1. 2 billion people, or almost one-fifth of the world’s population, live in areas of physical scarcity while another 1. 6 billion, or almost one quarter of the world’s population, fac e economic, water shortage. A third of world’s population lives in water stressed countries now.The report says that a rule of thumb is that each calorie consumed as food requires about one litre of water to produce. Causes of Global water crisis are – population growth, increased urbanization, high level of consumption and climate change which shrink the resources of fresh water, melting of glaciers. More than five millions people die from water-borne diseases each year around the Globe due to drinking polluted water. Underground water table is depleting on an average 3 meters a year as per research conducted in India. One in three people is enduring one form or other of water scarcity around the Globe.Almost two million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. If the fresh water on the planet were divided equally among the global population, there would be 5000 to 6000 M3 of water available for every one, every year. Technica l solutions of water scarcity around Globe are Drip irrigation, recycling of sewage water and to make it usable for agriculture, vegetables and bathroom purposes, scientific work over hydrological cycle formation, desalination of saline water, Increasing R. O. technology.We should advocate assigning a monetary value to fresh drinking water, rather than considering it a free natural commodity. Individually every globe citizen should save water in bathing cooking, gardening i. e. their daily use purposes. References * Goudie, As (2006). Global Warming and Fluvial Geomorphology Volume 79, September 2006, 37th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium – The human role in changing Fluvial Systems. * Huntington, T. G. (2005) Evidence for Intensification of the global water cycle: Review and Synthesis. Journal of Hydrology, 319. * Konikow, Leonard et al. 2005). Ground water Depletion: A Global Problem. Hydrogeology (13). * Nearing, M. A. et al. (2005). Modeling Response of Soil Erosion and Run off to changes in Precipitation and cover. Catena, 61. * Oki, Taikan et al. (2006). Global hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources, Science; 313. * Vorasmarty, Charles et al. (2000). Global Water Resource: Vulnerability from Climate Change and Population Growth, Science, 289. * World Water Assessment Programme, 2003. Water for people, Water for life: The United Nations world water development report. UNESCO: Paris. Water Scarcity Abstract Well, human is facing a serious challenge of water resource which will be delectated. Therefore I collect some reference from Internet. My thesis is that I will use increase water supply as my original solution which transfers the salt sea water into fresh water. (Water solution methods in appendices)The purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in my country. Besides, I will talk about three issues the uneven distribution, water pollution and hard water in China, then I am supposed to provide one method which is desalination to dress the scarcity.My method can transport the 97% sea water to the fresh water in order to solve the water scarcity. Introduction Now people have witnessed the rapid development of the world through using a lot of nature resources like oil, coal and water. The environment problem becomes more serious, for example the 20 lakes in China dry up each year. Over the past 50 years country has lost more than 1000 natural water reservoirs. This is a lmost 10000 km2of the water surface. The main reason of this is the active development of industry.China overuses fresh water. Industrial waste water entering the lakes contains chemical compounds came from metallurgy, textile, pharmaceutical, food, pulp and paper industries. (G. T. Frumin, 2011)For the whole world, if people don’t have water, human cannot survive anymore. Absolutely, water is dominative in biosphere as a whole, like the water circulation, climate, agriculture and so forth. Every animal in the earth cannot alive without water; also water is an excellent solvent which can transport the nutrient and waste products.Actually, the water is transparent to visible and ultraviolet light. This means that (pure) water is colorless and allows light to penetrate, thus allowing photosynthesis to take place at considerable depths. That are why water is so important in biosphere. Let’s see the history of the water scarcity. If we trace the origin of the point, I thin k we can say the First Industry Revolution. After Britain open the world and do into a fast-paced development. Myriad resources have been used to invent the technologies, involving water.After that, many countries waste plenty of water in order to become stronger. Some now many countries are depleted the water. Hence, my purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in China. The thesis statement is that I will use method that increase water supply as my original method which transfer the salty water into fresh water. Methodology My topic is that discusses the issues and serves a practical method for the problem. In order to make the information convincing, I have found several websites information to embody the topic.I will search for issues, the uneven water distribution, water pollution, and hard water, and find some current action solving the problems. Then, I will suggest some laws and suggests for the water scarcity. Besides, I will use folder and charts to clear my inform ation. The research can me understand the problems and solution. It is because various and accurate information might indicate a significant number of factors about issues meanwhile tremendous detail also might confirm it. Finding Table 1. 0 water issues affecting China today |description |Current plan | |Issue 1 |Water is uneven distribute |transfer the water from south to the north | |Issue 2 |Water pollution |Harness and formulate more laws( organization) | |Issue 3 |Some water can not drink ( salty , hard) | Chemical reaction |As you can see from the table, although China is a big country, it still meets 3 main fresh water issues. Firstly, the amount of fresh water for everyone is very small. Although the China accounted for approximate 6% amount fresh water resource in the world, the average of each Chinese people is lower than the average of world (around 20%). It is because there is a substantial proportion of land in China (thirst in world) meanwhile there is a sizable perce ntage of population in china (about13 billion). China supports 20 percent of the world population with only 7 percent of its water.China has roughly the same amount of water as the United States but five times the population. The shortages are particularly acute in northern China where half the population lives with only 15 percent of China’s water. (Jeffrey Hays 2013) As a consequence, the fresh water resource might distribute unbalanced in difference areas in China. For example, in Beijing, Hangzhou, the big south cities in China, people have lot water, so they always waste the water and don’t build the awareness of saving water. But in some dry places, like Shanxi, the rural people even have no water to drink. It is unfair for people in those areas. Uneven distribution water graph in the appendices) Secondly, water pollution and water stress is reached a primary issue in a massive amount of city in China. Water shortages and water pollution in China are such a probl em that the World Bank warns of â€Å"catastrophic consequences for future generations. † To be more exact that there were total of 600 cities was investigated and around 400 cities witnessed huge water pollution or water stress. Half of China’s population lacks safe drinking water. Nearly two thirds of China’s rural population—more than 500 million people—use water contaminated by human and industrial waste. Jeffrey Hays 2012) Ultimately, another water issue is that there is a considerable quantity of water which cannot be used efficiently by numerous citizen and manufacture. For example, the water is too hard to drink. In my hometown, Zhengzhou, the water is hard, if the water is boiling, there always lefts a lot of water logging which means the water contains many Ca and Mg. In America, since 1972, they have published the law about the water scarcity and safety. But China doesn’t have the completely law to limit the water scarcity. There have three methods to solve all the problems.According to uneven water distribution, China has run a method that transports the water from rich south area to the poor north area. Thus, people who live in north can have more water. Second, here are many solutions are suggested in China. A famous project named South-to-North Water Diversion Project (NSBD. 2008,) is established in 2000s in China which is used to relive the water stress of northern areas like Shanxi; meanwhile a significant number of money is invested to clean the water which had contaminated and project the recent fresh water.Third, the water in many cities cannot eat because it is hard and salty. So, China now uses some chemical to moderate the hard water and spill some wells to help people drink more fresh water. Discussion I prefer to increase water supply as my original solution . People now have invented many ways to address the scarcity of water problems. I have discussed three in my finding. According to the fir st issue which is the uneven water distribution, I think the desalination method is the most useful way, and I believe it can solve the problem of the shortage of the water.Water desalination is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater), also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals, the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. Most desalination processes are based either on thermal distillation or membrane separation technologies. (SWP2011) Seawater desalination is an increasingly important solution to the rising water scarcity afflicting many of the world's regions. In the world, the proportion of sea water is 97. 47%, the fresh water is only 2. 3%. So if human can transfer this huge amount sea water to fresh water, human will have more fresh water to drink, and survive. Many countries like mid eat and more than 125 countries have attempted these way, because it is economical and eff icient. More than 70 % people live near the sea in 120 miles. Besides, the water in the earth is 78%. Thus, it is a really large number for the water scarcity. Human can use less money and get more water in the future. The countries have experimented many times and this method has become more perfect. Conclusion and RecommendationIn the statement of findings, I created a new solution of using fresh water effectively, I believe it will be enacted by government, because this solution needs a few investments, but it might a huge advantage of making more fresh water in the future. Through using desalination methods, people can transfer the 97% sea water into fresh water for people. As I said, it is a huge potential area for water scarcity. If these can completely use in China, people in the dry areas will have water to drink and survive. Reference G. T. Frumin (2011) Fresh water lakes in China. [Online]. Available at: http://wenku. baidu. om/view/9d4aa2be65ce050876321339. html [Accessed 9 March 2013] Jeffrey Hays (2013) FACTS AND DETAILS [Online]. Available at: http://factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=317 [Accessed 9 March 2013] Jeffrey Hay (2012) FACTS AND DETAILS [Online] Available at: http://factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=391 [Accessed 9 March 2013] NSBD (2008) China daily [Online] Available at: http://usa. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-12/05/content_15989621. htm [Accessed 9 March 2013] SWP (2011) International decade for action ‘water for life’ 2005-2015 [Online]. Available at: http://www. un. org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity. html [Accessed 9 March 2013] Appendices Chart 2. 0 Water supply in the world [pic] Table 2. 0 Water solution | |Water supply |Water demand | |Increase water supply |increase |same | |Decrease water supply |same |decrease | |both |increase |decrease |